It includes the status of being actively suicidal; severe cognitive disorders that result in significant functional impairment; and severe personality disorders that result in significant functional impairment and are marked by frequent episodes of psychosis, depression, or self-injurious behavior. (a) Correctional officials should implement a policy to require voluntary and informed consent prior to a prisoners health care examination, testing, or treatment, except as provided in this Standard. (a) Governmental officials should ensure that each sentenced prisoner confined for more than [6 months] spends a reasonable part of the final portion of the term of imprisonment under conditions that afford the prisoner a reasonable opportunity to adjust to and prepare for re-entry into the community. (iv) fire alarms and other forms of emergency notification that communicate effectively with prisoners with hearing or vision impairments. (c) Correctional authorities should take appropriate responsive measures without delay when intake screening identifies a need for immediate comprehensive assessment or for new or continuing medication or other treatment, suicide prevention measures, or housing that takes account of a prisoners special needs. The record should identify the circumstances of the search, the persons who conducted the search, any staff who are witnesses, and any confiscated materials. Correctional authorities should be permitted to censor material if it could be censored in publications sent to prisoners through the mail. (a) Each sentenced prisoner should be employed substantially full-time unless there has been an individualized determination that no work assignment for that prisoner is consistent with security and safety. (a) Correctional authorities should allow prisoners to communicate as frequently as practicable in writing with their families, friends, and representatives of outside organizations, including media organizations. (a) Classification and housing assignments should not segregate or discriminate based on race unless the consideration of race is narrowly tailored to serve a compelling governmental interest. (a) To the extent practicable and consistent with prisoner and staff safety, correctional authorities should minimize the periods during the day in which prisoners are required to remain in their cells. (a) Contracts with private corporations or other private entities for the operation of a secure correctional facility should be disfavored. (e) For a convicted prisoner, loss of liberty and separation from society should be the sole punishments imposed by imprisonment. (ix) prompt review of the classification committees decision by correctional administrators. Visits with counsel and clergy should not be counted as visiting time, and ordinarily should be unlimited in frequency. (e) Any examination of a transgender prisoner to determine that prisoners genital status should be performed in private by a qualified medical professional, and only if the prisoners genital status is unknown to the correctional agency. All prisoner living quarters and personal hygiene areas should be designed to facilitate adequate and appropriate supervision of prisoners and to allow prisoners privacy consistent with their security classification. A suicidal prisoners clothing should be removed only if an individualized assessment finds such removal necessary, and the affected prisoner should be provided with suicide resistant garments that are sanitary, adequately modest, and appropriate for the temperature. (f) A prisoner should be allowed to prepare, receive, and send legal documents to courts, counsel, and public officials. (e) No cell used to house prisoners in segregated housing should be smaller than 80 square feet, and cells should be designed to permit prisoners assigned to them to converse with and be observed by staff. (a) Correctional authorities should recognize and respect prisoners freedom of religion. Clinical decisions should be the sole province of the responsible health care professionals, and should not be countermanded by non-medical staff. (d) When practicable, before using either chemical agents or electronic weaponry against a prisoner, staff should determine whether the prisoner has any contraindicating medical conditions, including mental illness and intoxication, and make a contemporaneous record of this determination. (b) A prisoner should not be separated from the general population or denied programmatic opportunities based solely on the prisoners offense or sentence, except that separate housing areas should be permissible for prisoners under sentence of death. (e) If restraints are used for medical or mental health care purposes, the restrained prisoner should, if possible, be placed in a health care area of the correctional facility, and the decision to use, continue, and discontinue restraints should be made by a qualified health care professional, in accordance with applicable licensing regulations. (d) When a prisoner dies, correctional officials should promptly notify the jurisdictions medical examiner of the death and its circumstances; the medical examiner should decide whether an autopsy should be conducted. (a) Initial classification of a prisoner should take place within [48 hours] of the prisoners detention in a jail and within [30 days] of the prisoners confinement in a prison. Facilities that must use dormitories or other multiple-prisoner living quarters should provide sufficient staffing, supervision, and personal space to ensure safety for prisoners and security for their belongings. (c) All prisoners placed in segregated housing should be provided with meaningful forms of mental, physical, and social stimulation. (d) Prior to involuntary mental health treatment of a prisoner with a serious mental illness, the prisoner should be afforded, at a minimum, the procedural protections specified in subdivision (b) of this Standard for involuntary mental health transfers, except that: (i) decision-making in the first instance and on appeal should be by a judicial or administrative hearing officer independent of the correctional agency, or by an neutral committee that includes at least one qualified mental health professional and that may include appropriate correctional agency staff, but does not include any health care professional responsible for treating or referring the prisoner for transfer; (ii) the notice should set forth the mental health staffs diagnosis and basis for the proposed treatment, a description of the proposed treatmentincluding, where relevant, the medication name and dosageand the less-intrusive alternatives considered and rejected; and. (g) Governmental authorities should establish home furlough programs, giving due regard to institutional security and community safety, to enable prisoners to maintain and strengthen family and community ties. (c) In an emergency situation requiring the immediate involuntary transfer of a prisoner with serious mental illness to a dedicated mental health facility because of a serious and imminent risk to the safety of the prisoner or others, the chief executive of a correctional facility should be authorized to order such a transfer, but the procedural protections set out in subdivision (b) of this Standard should be provided within [7 days] after the transfer. (e) Correctional authorities should communicate effectively with prisoners who have disabling speech, hearing, or vision impairments by providing, at a minimum: (i) hearing and communication devices, or qualified sign language interpretation by a non-prisoner, or other communication services, as needed, including for disciplinary proceedings or other hearings, processes by which a prisoner may make requests or lodge a complaint, and during provision of programming and health care; (ii) closed captioning on any televisions accessible to prisoners with hearing impairments; (iii) readers, taped texts, Braille or large print materials, or other necessary assistance for effective written communication between correctional authorities and prisoners with vision impairments, andwhen a prisoner with a vision impairment is permitted to review prison records, as in preparation for a disciplinary or other hearing; and. (d) Correctional authorities should not subject prisoners to retaliation or disciplinary action based on their constitutionally protected communication and expression. The ____________ is a prison governance theory which states that prison disorder results from unstable, divided, or otherwise weak management. Each prisoner should receive a comprehensive medical and mental health assessment by qualified medical and mental health professionals no later than [14 days] after admission to a correctional facility, and a comprehensive medical assessment periodically thereafter, which should include mental health screening. (a) A correctional agency and facility should be appropriately staffed to promote safety for all staff and prisoners and allow the full operation of all programs and services and a reasonable work schedule for each staff member. (d) Correctional authorities should not require prisoners to engage in religious activities or programs. Policies relating to restraints should take account of the special needs of prisoners who have physical or mental disabilities, and of prisoners who are under the age of eighteen or are geriatric, as well as the limitations specified in Standard 23-6.9 for pregnant prisoners or those who have recently given birth. Training programs should equip staff to: (i) maintain order while treating prisoners with respect, and communicate effectively with prisoners; (ii) follow security requirements, conduct searches, and use technology appropriately; (iii) use non-force techniques for avoiding and resolving conflicts, and comply with the agencys policy on use of force; (iv) identify and respond to medical and mental health emergencies, recognize and report the signs and symptoms of mental disability and suicide risk, and secure appropriate medical and mental health services; A. detect and respond to signs of threatened and actual physical and sexual assault and sexual pressure against prisoners; (vi) avoid inappropriate relationships, including sexual contact, with prisoners; (vii) understand the legal rights of prisoners relevant to their professional duties; (viii) facilitate prisoner use of the grievance process, and understand that processs benefits for correctional staff and facilities; (ix) maintain appropriate records, including clear and accurate reports; and. Following any incident that involves a use of force against a prisoner, participants and witnesses should be interviewed or should file written statements. (a) Judicial procedures should be available to facilitate timely resolution of disputes involving the legality, duration, or conditions of confinement. (f) Correctional officials should, to the extent reasonable, make resources and facilities available for religious purposes to all religious groups and prisoners following sincerely held religious beliefs within a correctional facility, and should not show favoritism to any religion. (c) Correctional officials should establish and publicize the means by which prisoners and others may easily and confidentially report to any staff member or appropriate outside entity a sexual assault or pressure to engage in sexual acts, sexual contact or exploitation involving a prisoner and staff, or the fear of such conduct. (e) Correctional authorities should provide each convicted prisoner being released to the community with: (i) specific information about when and how to contact any agency having supervisory responsibility for the prisoner in the community; (ii) general information about the collateral sanctions and disqualifications that may apply because of the prisoners conviction, and where to get more details; and. (d) Prisoners should be provided timely access to appropriately trained and licensed health care staff in a safe and sanitary setting designed and equipped for diagnosis or treatment. If public transportation to a correctional facility is not available, correctional officials should work with transportation authorities to facilitate the provision of such transportation. brutality and inhumane living conditions. (c) Regardless of any training a prisoner may have had, no prisoner should be allowed to provide health care evaluation or treatment to any other prisoner. (d) A correctional agency should implement reasonable policies and procedures governing staff use of force against prisoners; these policies should establish a range of force options and explicitly prohibit the use of premature, unnecessary, or excessive force. A prisoner should not be restrained while she is in labor, including during transport, except in extraordinary circumstances after an individualized finding that security requires restraint, in which event correctional and health care staff should cooperate to use the least restrictive restraints necessary for security, which should not interfere with the prisoners labor. (c) A prisoner who refuses testing or treatment for a serious communicable disease should be housed in a medically appropriate setting until a qualified health care professional can ascertain whether the prisoner is contagious. (a) To the extent practicable, a prisoner should be assigned to a facility located within a reasonable distance of the prisoners family or usual residence in order to promote regular visitation by family members and to enhance the likelihood of successful reintegration. Conditions of extreme isolation generally include a combination of sensory deprivation, lack of contact with other persons, enforced idleness, minimal out-of-cell time, and lack of outdoor recreation. (b) Within [30 days] of a prisoners placement in long-term segregated housing based on a finding that the prisoner presents a continuing and serious threat to the security of others, correctional authorities should develop an individualized plan for the prisoner. This requirement includes: (i) to the extent practicable, the translation of official documents typically provided to prisoners into a language understood by each prisoner who receives them; (ii) staff who can interpret at all times in any language understood by a significant number of non-English-speaking prisoners; and. (i) The term jail means a correctional facility holding primarily pretrial detainees and/or prisoners sentenced to a term of one year or less. Except in the event of an emergency lockdown of less than [72 hours] in which security necessitates denial of such access, prisoners should be afforded access to showers, correspondence, delivery of legal materials, and grievance procedures. 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