10 Question Quiz. Longley, Robert. In 1932, a new mayor was elected based on his support for the Unemployed Citizens League. Seattle is fortunate to have the kind of detailed documentation of its Hooverville that other cities lack, and we have compiled these unique resources here. The answer to this question is practically anywhere. Eight different Hoovervilles were established in Seattle, Washington, with the largest one lasting from 1932 to 1941 and built on the tidal flats adjacent to the Port of Seattle. As the Great Depression worsened, so too did people's moods. When most of the veterans refused to leave their shacks, Hoover sent in U.S. Army Chief of Staff Douglas MacArthur to evict the Bonus Army. KidsKonnect is a growing library of high-quality, printable worksheets for teachers and homeschoolers. Browse hooverville resources on Teachers Pay Teachers, a marketplace trusted by millions of teachers for original educational resources. "; The peak of the Great Depression was from 1932 to 1933. The Hooverville in Seattle was one of the few with detailed documentation. READ MORE:Life for the Average Family During the Great Depression, In addition to the term Hooverville, President Hoovers name was used derisively in other ways during the Great Depression. Most shanties, however, were distinctly less ambitious: Cardboard-box homes did not last long, and most dwellings were in a constant state of being rebuilt. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 One of the important events during his presidency was the emergence of the Shanty Town during the Great Depression. months[9] = "Get fast, free facts and information on a whole host of subjects in the Siteseen network of interesting websites. He was the President, after all, and there were many things he could do--but he was in trouble from the start, for a couple of different reasons. Twelve million Americans, about 25% of the normal labor force, were out of work and many suffered poverty, deprivation and homelessness. During the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and lasted about a decade, shantytowns appeared across America as unemployed people were evicted from their homes. It was named after Herbert Hoover, an American politician who was the president during the first years of the Great Depression. Homeless people roamed the country looking for food and work. Hoovervilles and Homelessness. They cut down dramatically on their purchases, but less buying meant fewer goods needed, so companies didn't need so many employees. Beyond the waters lie two rugged mountain ranges, the Olympics to the west and the Cascades to the east. These settlements were often trespassing on private lands, but they were frequently tolerated or ignored out of necessity. Most of them did not find work. The final decision to eliminate Hooverville was presented in a report from the Housing Authority. Homeowners lost their property when they could not pay mortgages or pay taxes. In his journal, he states that of the 639 residents of the town, only 7 of them were women. It began after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. Nearly 29 percent of the population was non-white. Reasons for Homelessness: Homeowners lost their houses when they could not pay mortgages or pay taxes. Both his parents were dead by the time he was nine. Trench Warfare in WWI: History & Facts | What is Trench Warfare? The Great Depression drew to an end with the outbreak of WW2 and municipal programs aimed at "eradicating" shantytowns destroyed all the Hoovervilles. Next: Unemployed Citizens League and Poverty Activism. Many authorities frequently tolerated the shantytowns out of sheer necessity. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Erected by unemployed lumberjacks on the tidal flats of the Port of Seattle, the encampment covered nine acres and grew to house up to 1,200 people. Writer John Steinbeck featured a family who lived in a California Hooverville and sought farm work in his Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Grapes of Wrath, published in 1939. Roy lived in the Hooverville in spring 1934 while conducting this survey which became his 1935 MA thesis. Seattle's developed into a self-sufficient and organized town-within-a-town. Both times, however, the Hooverville shacks were immediately rebuilt. Summary and Definition: The Shanty Towns, known as Hoovervilles, sprang up across the nation during the Great Depression (1929 - 1941). Back to History for Kids. Seattle police twice burned the early Hooverville, but each time residents rebuilt. As their investments lost value, people soon depleted their savings. These camps came to be called Hoovervilles, after the president. A shantytown, also known as a Hooverville (named for U.S. President Herbert Hoover), was located in Seattle, Washington, during the Great Depression. They posed health risks to their inhabitants as well as to those living nearby, but there was little that local governments or health agencies could do. Usually built on the edges of larger cities, hundreds of thousands of people lived in the many Hooverville camps. The camp began when an unemployed lumberjack Spread over nine acres; it housed a population of up to 1,200. Hoovervilles: Homeless Camps of the Great Depression. Desperate for shelter, homeless citizens. [1] Men, women, and children living in Hooverville either relied on public charities or begged for food from those who had permanent housing during the era. All the Hoovervilles were 'eradicated' at the end of the Great Depression in 1941. It began with the United States stock market crash of 1929, and didn't completely end until after . He was proud of the self-built community, saying "Hooverville is the abode of the forgotten man." Hoovervilles: Some 200,000 migrant farmers relocated to California. This download is exclusively for KidsKonnect Premium members!To download this worksheet, click the button below to signup (it only takes a minute) and you'll be brought right back to this page to start the download! They were built by unemployed impoverished Americans that had been made homeless and had nowhere else to live. Homelessness followed quickly from joblessness once the economy began to crumble in the early 1930s. St. Louis, Missouri, was the site of the largest Hooverville in America. Some Hoovervilles had basic public services and conveniences. This site uses cookies to improve your experience. This photo shows a team of two work horses hitched to a wagon with farm house visible in the background in Beltsville, Md., in 1935. Thousands of Hoovervilles began to appear all over the country. These are ready-to-use Hooverville worksheets that are perfect for teaching students about Hooverville, which was a small town founded by homeless people in the United States during the Great Depression. By 1932, Herbert Hoovers last full year in office, the U.S. unemployment rate had soared to 25%, with more than 15 million people without jobs or homes. He counted 639 residents in March of that year, all but seven of them men. The Depression increased the demand for such assistance exponentially. This is a fantastic bundle which includes everything you need to know about Hooverville across 20 in-depth pages. Credit was extended to many so that they could enjoy the new inventions of the day, such as washing machines, refrigerators and automobiles. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. You can use these worksheets as-is, or edit them using Google Slides to make them more specific to your own student ability levels and curriculum standards. 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Police officers doused the little structures with kerosene and lit them as spectators watched. Although people would often use castoff lumber and building materials, more often than not Hooverville structures were built with cardboard, tar paper, and other comparatively flimsy elements. Billions of dollars were lost, wiping out thousands of investors. Check out the Siteseen network of educational websites. Though Hoover later agreed that MacArthur had used excessive force, irreparable damage to his presidency and legacy had been done. Seattle was also the location of seven other shantytowns. Many were established near rivers, as the above picture shows, or ponds - it helped to have access to some water. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. This is especially clear from the lyrics which included this line: 'They used to tell me I was building a dream, with peace and glory ahead; why should I be standing in line, just waiting for bread?'. The makeshift shacks were constructed from unwanted materials and lacked basic amenities such as adequate sanitation and clean drinking water. The inhabitants of the Hoovervilles and shantytowns in the 1930s were deprived of many of these basic needs - for additional facts refer to Poverty in the Great Depression. This Hooverville had its very own unofficial mayor, Jesse Jackson. Its unofficial mayor was Jesse Jackson, who led the city in tolerating the homeless and imposed lax building and sanitation regulations. He wrote that the racial barriers constructed in normal society did not stand within the Hooverville. Residents of the previous Hooverville in Tacoma rebuilt homes on the same site they occupied throughout. Response from Health Department (May 23, 1935) [1] There were hundreds of Hoovervilles across the country during the 1930s.[2]. A Hooverville near Portland, Oregon. months[0] = "Discover the vast range of useful, leisure and educational websites published by the Siteseen network. Hoover Pullmans were rusted railroad boxcars used as dwellings. Thesis, University of Washington, 1935), pp.42-45. This drain reservoir became the site of an informal camp established by a few homeless people, but they were quickly evicted. Tacoma had a large encampment that spanned six blocks. It was a period of the global economic crisis that began with a significant drop in stock prices in the United States. The Red Scare of the 1920s History & Overview | What was the First Red Scare? Hoovervilles were hundreds of crude campgrounds built across the United States by poverty stricken people who had lost their homes because of the Great Depression of the 1930s. However, most buildings were little more than crude shelters thrown together from wooden crates, cardboard boxes, tar paper, scrap metal, and other fire-prone discarded materials. Hoovervilles were not fancy or well-constructed. The Great Depression was the greatest and longest economic recession of the 20th century. When disaster struck, Americans looked to their President for leadership and compassion, but Hoover seemed to be short on both counts. Regardless of the gender of the residents, Hoovervilles served as a common ground for many different nationalities and ethnicities. The city of Seattle tolerated the unemployed living situation and imposed loose building and sanitation rules. A Tarpaper Carthage: Interpreting Hooverville. Some homes were not buildings at all, but deep holes dug in the ground with makeshift roofs laid over them to keep out inclement weather. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. A large number of small houses were constructed from scrap materials. Definition, Examples, Pros and Cons. (Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group via Getty Images). In his estimation, prosperity would return if people would simply help one another. He explained that the population was fluid, as men sold their shacks to newcomers and moved on, and at its maximum during the winter months when it reached as hight as 1,200. Technically, these settlements were often in violation of state or local law; and even though they were often raided, it became common practice for authorities to endure them. And although private philanthropy increased during the early 1930s, the amounts given were not enough to make a significant impact. [2] Donald Francis Roy, a citizen of Seattles Hooverville, took detailed recordings of the population during his time there. 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