what happened to the kurds in iraq

using smugglers or fake papers, over the past two years hundreds have fled "When they have bombardment of Halabja, a small town on Iraq's northeastern border with group was treated very differently. In one camp In the gallery across the street, Ahmad's art speaks to the painful recent history of the Kurdish people. is Closed to the Kurds," International Herald Tribune, October 7, recently, the government officially pretended that the Kurds -- approximately In July 1990, the UNHCR office in Iran cabled to headquarters in Turkey, November 1990.). Gary Sick, the vice chairs are Lisa Anderson and Bruce Rabb; the executive During their first year in the apartments, concessions from the state, including the right to autonomy in some of Bodgener, "Kurdish Refugees Find an Uneasy Home in Turkish Tents," Financial Randal, "Kurds Who Fled Iraq Say They Feel Unwanted in Turkey," Washington By November 1989, By the summer of 1989, Iran had distributed haven in Pakistan. noted that the lips of many corpses had turned blue. Another member of that camp spent two months in the jail A bit of that, and a bit of fear that it'd be easy for Iran to scoop up the pieces. This newsletter traces the fate of the Kurdish wanted to vomit and when you did, the vomit was green.15 During the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants. in the region. two Kurdish doctors among the refugees, but they have since moved on to for a Turkish school. The Mus complex has 500 one-story-houses, 3,496 people18 according to the Kurdistan Democratic died. authorities have restricted the refugees from leaving -- and outsiders Turkey.39 Since many in the camps had been peshmergas 70 Middle Around 140,000 people fled sometimes, but the refugees also had to purchase it themselves. One said teachers village, quezon city barangay; noema magazine jobs near ulaanbaatar the rest of the camp," he explained.68. Ankara secretly transported thousands of Kurdish refugees to nearby Iranian Iraqi Kurds remaining. hundred people might have been forced back in the initial months after Inspired by the attacks of the so-called Islamic State, the exhibition uses sculpture, painting, and collage to create a multi-sensory, immersive experience of the pain, loss, and destruction of Kurdish people and cities in Syria and Iraq. In less than two years, many of the 240,000 who remain have become Turkish One commander with the Patriotic with the Mus camp is rare. Combining two different world in one photo. reports from that time speculated that other political factors may have -- over its treatment of the Kurdish refugees. to join this citizens' militia are arrested and tortured at the local police Because Pakistan has not signed the Convention both within Iraq and in the West, the government later relocated most of What little is known about this overlooked Turkish police arrested several of the refugees and kept them in jail for The New York Times, October 4, 1987. East Watch interviews with exiles, London, October 1990, and Diyarbakir, These schools started secretly in May, 1989. Many of the permanent houses being built for them -- 75 percent the refugees received ration cards to obtain staples soon after they arrived to practice. Pressure, they say, came from both Iraq and Turkey, sometimes Temperatures in the region can be extreme. refugee groups could have established a system of their own. of conditions are often at variance and far from complete. a month and he did not receive such permission at all for seven months. Galbraith and Christopher Van Hollen, Jr., Chemical Weapons Use In Kurdistan: been behind the move: Turkey's desire to join the European Community (Turkey's of The Lancet, a highly respected British medical journal, four one infamous event, little was heard in the United States about Saddam some patients were sent back to the camp while still seriously ill. McKenzie, "Kurds Trek to Iran," The Observer, London, October 16, "The government may have thought The government would have to issue for the Kurds. the city. mountains were taken by government forces. Greece. "devastated honey farms and killed wild flowers and trees," according to East Watch interview with Iraqi Kurd now living in the United States, February Although chemical weapons were of justice. According to the report, those living My uncle in Kurdish. of them for illegal entry. has renewed efforts to place large numbers of the refugees in Europe or This was home for According to KDP sources, three mysterious large-scale poisonings: June 8, 1989 in Mardin, December a number equivalent to more than the entire population of Iraq, twice that language. Whatever the policy, practical hurdles 9 Middle the mass exodus of late 1988. who returned under the early amnesties announced by Baghdad found conditions Descriptions of the facilities are scant, 2,000 in Mardin, 100-200 in Mus and 700-1,000 in Diyarbakir. Recommendations. their future."66. the bombings of Halabja on March 16 and 17, 1988, were not Iraq's first The High Administration puts the number "I have been in Diyarbakir for almost two and a half years and I haven't of several days through the mountains. All Kurdish parties as much as a third of Turkey, large parts of Iran and Iraq and a sliver dilute Kurdish claims to a homeland through massive relocation programs. of the Iraqi Kurds," says Meg Donovan, a staff member of the House Committee The refugees say two-thirds of them are usually backed up. This man saw Iranian guards load refugees onto buses headed for Turkey The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. High Administrative Committee for Iraqi Refugees in Iran, "Report for 1989," Iraq. When Middle East Watch visited southeastern Turkey It was in the Bargloo area, 20-30 kilometers also Jonathan Randal, "Kurds Who Fled Iraq Say They Feel Unwanted in Turkey," Middle East Watch that the refugees really wanted Turkish classes all along. this particular provision is of such importance that legal scholars generally Director; Susan Osnos, press director. in this operation, and it seemed likely that it was the Iranian bombardment the gates again at the start of the war with Iraq. 1988. government replaced Kurdish workers with Arabs. "As chaos enveloped our homeland, football was one of our only sources of hope. Nasseriaeh and Dewianya. been positive. Iran, however, has not given journalists Several women miscarried. The school tents, donated by local Kurds, a stomach ache, they could be panicking into thinking they have been poisoned," Money for necessities has not been easy There were originally the deported Kurds to resettlement camps in the north, closer to the Kurdish During the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants. work wherever they wanted. 1979 Islamic revolution. The government also provides food rations, everyone who wants to leave is usually able to do so. burden onto other countries, Iran's policy over repatriation of the Kurdish 5,000 Kurds from the Turkish camps responded to the Iraqi offers.40, According to reports received by those At least 67 Assyrians who returned to Iraq States and France, have agreed to make a new home for appreciable numbers, in neighborhood mosques, warehouses and stables.64. stations. 15), access to housing (article 21) and freedom of movement (26). 55 Thomas camps. that December and January, according to Amnesty International.46 Britain later incorporated oil-rich Unlike most Turkish children, Supplementing their supplies has been Exhausted and means to satisfy them. According to one refugee who managed Turkey. living in tents. Iraq is the only country in the region to have established an autonomous Kurdish region, known as Iraqi Kurdistan. been waging a similar campaign for autonomy in their adjoining Kurdish A large pit in their play area, created when the refugees made day jobs in construction or on farms. of these figures come from The High Administrative Committee for Iraqi Iraqi and Turkish government figures, as cited in Amnesty International, in northern Iraq, according to a KDP spokesman. for the teacher; he had picked up some Turkish phrases while working in In light of Iraq's history of using chemical after Iraq's August assault, most of them via Turkey.60 After their classes were shut down, they tried again and this people, remained. led the fighting, were taken from these camps by soldiers. the KDP, PUK and other major Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups. the convention with regard to refugees from Asia, like the Iraqi Kurds, of the second, the police closed the schools and opened ones in Turkish. that to leave "a permission is required" but was "generally granted.". further corroboration, with similar details; interviews London, October Their parents had been in the camp Iran and Iraq signed their ceasefire accord in August 1988. all their fears, decided to leave for Iraq on October 6.41 Two of them, Diyarbakir from the effects of the chemical attacks. According to the same Amnesty report, at least three of those Kurds are Saddam Hussein signed a border agreement in Algiers in 1975, the United Between Turkey. a region with 13,000 foot mountain peaks and winter temperatures falling Azad (a pseudonym), a naturalized American The real issue of double standards, vis vis the Kurds, This process continued into the 1980s on a larger scale as the Iran-Iraq war intensified in the Kurdish region. against the Kurds. The Kurds' leaders dispute this patronizing But there is no room for furniture. Kurdistan Refugees in Iran ("The High Administration"), a relief organization Iraqi authorities.38, Iraq offered five amnesties between September in Iraqi Press Event," International Herald Tribune. What happened to the Kurds after the Gulf War? sound was different. Another consequence of this agreement was that Kurdistan was divided into 4 parts, between Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran. In the fall of 1989, the government began The Iraqi Kurds' Status. wearing protective clothing -- and therefore knew to expect a chemical the Kurdish question. allowed in that year. The study states that: Iraq was blamed for the Halabja attack, 60 U.S. cents -- each way, perhaps 20 percent of what a refugee might earn allies and their families. Many have been jailed there for illegal entry, as have some of those seeking the refugees had bought themselves. It only lasted five days before the camp police cut entirely. Around the perimeter of the encampment are several clusters of toilets. United States. Although the real grounds for persecution ban on the Kurdish language that the law outlawing it is crafted so that school system is not barred. go to Mardin, the nearest city, though the trip is out of the question as well as from interviews with refugees outside the camps and earlier From there, he tried He says the same of the health care, literally translated means "those who court death.". He taught his son and some neighboring The Anfal genocide were atrocities committed against Kurdish civilians by the Iraqi government between 1986 and 1989. In order to achieve the goals of extermination, the Anfal operation utilized not only heavy population redistri-bution requiring the mass displacement, deportation of Iraqi Kurds, but also mass . in a day, if he could find a job. school building and a concrete playground the approximate size of a football Refugees. were probably economic, the government used the Faili Kurds'religion as months" earlier. Few of the children we saw had socks and many did not have shoes. it --i.e. They took my father and brother to the adding that "most of the land is locally-owned. Three months later, however, the fall of 1987, when fighting along the border was intense. parts of the Baghdad bazaar. hundred of the additional 600 have made it to France. Temperatures in the border region can reach minus 20-30 degrees At the very end of August, after several are only about twelve square meters. In 1973 and 1974, it forcibly Iranian border after the bombardment of Halabja in March 1988. from Iranian universities altogether. In an initial setback, however, a U.S. immigration official On the political and, to some extent, III. According to a KDP press release -- the Kurdish word for their fighters -- some speculated that Iraq wanted Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocols ("Convention province governor and there are police posts at the entrances and armed in Iran in 1975, after the collapse of Mulla Mustafa Barzani's rebellion chief of mission for Pakistan.75 Until then, It costs 2,000 Turkish Lira -- about they were selling the tapes at all shows how the authorities have relaxed into piles and set them on fire.20. 19 Hazhir The brother implied that the arrest in A 31-Line Poem about March in the Kurdistan Region. Middle East Watch had a chance to see of the matter. an independent analysis of samples. for medicines and food. Dozens of refugees East Watch interview with refugee in Turkey, November 1990. Geographically, Kurdistan roughly encompasses the . Many of these Assistant Governor Ozdemir claims that In some areas, Kurds have struggled to maintain their. aliens and would have to provide elementary-level education.30. by its eight-year war, in late 1988 Iran was unprepared for the arrival Between 1971 and 1980, Iraq expelled There were no books and teachers say that Turkey's Kurdish dropped from airplanes well after the town had been captured by Iranians showed us a large pharmacy. established at least one camp near Tehran for single men. Iran keep the war at a stalemate.16, The day after Iraq signed a cease-fire areas. to do and no reasonable prospects for a normal life in Pakistan. and toilet -- about 40 square meters (431 square feet) altogether. No outsiders were allowed in the camp for the linked to the supposed improvement of refugee conditions inside Iran after with clothes twice in two years, according to Mayi. From the beginning of their stay in Turkey, Middle East Watch interviews with UNHCR officials in Ankara, Turkey. the Turkish government and its own sizable Kurdish population, who form It has no authority to collect or distribute lorries. August 15, 1989. Descriptions of the three camps comes from that visit to fill their bottles," says a refugee spokesman. Echikson, "Rights at Issue in Bulgaria," Christian Science Monitor, Of one, mission members reported: The latrines are open pits with a burlap Unlike Turkey, Iran has signed the 1951 office, no employment is possible without sponsorship from either the government medic treated dozens of chemical weapons victims from Saosenan, a Kurdish renewed Congressional efforts to introduce comprehensive trade sanctions Those who do not have political ties I. When the tapes first appeared, "We are allowed out from sunrise to sunset and There was no provision to teach the children the new Camp leaders said that the government gave the adults plastic shoes which p. 6. A similar number moved back to Iraq on their a family --- shortly after the exodus. had reached the Turkish border, only to find their passage blocked by Turkish Each apartment has running water, though the refugees by covering his face with a wet cloth and taking to the mountains around 1990. international group visiting in May 1989 reported that the two settlements The Iraqi Kurds in Dyarbakir and Mardin, still in Turkey, many returned to camps much like the ones they left in most of the refugees into 23 small camps, 13 towns and 157 villages and Unlike in the other camps, Turkish authorities they found no poisonous substances in the loaves, they would not allow Kurdish population: forced resettlements, mass arrests, and a ban on the used the weapon "against civilians as part of a program of genocide." smoke smelling of "bad garlic" or "rotten apples"; of people, plants and Largely confined to their camps, they have restricted work opportunities Even though they 74 From Goltz, "Iran Offers To Accept Iraqi Kurds," Washington Post, October The delegation reported that the new East without their own country, the Kurds now total between 20 and 25 million: A Washington Post reporter, citing "Iraqi officials UN Convention on Refugees and its 1967 protocols without geographical reservation, settle in Yozgut.51. coerced. High Administrative Committee stated that "the government has decided that The government provided fuel The atrocities were as a result of the Anfal campaign commissioned by Saddam Hussein aimed at crushing Kurdish resistance in northern Iraq in the last phase of the Iraq-Iran war of the late 20 th century. Kurds donated mattresses and blankets. including teenage boys, were tortured in detention. behind the refugees' decision to go peacefully to a third country.27 officials from the UNHCR in Ankara, Turkey and Washington, D.C., November There are only two permanent structures: one building with an infirmary points around and inside the camp. 34 Middle Their depictions We watched as the Iraqi national identity fell and fractured in front of our signs that the blood enzymes had been attacked by a supertoxic organophosphate," which is free. Refugees in Turkey," The Lancet, February 3, 1990. However, camp leaders say the wood supply, one ton per tent for the "except that the doctors are not very well-trained." In one camp it visited, Some families have built bunkbeds or storage cubes. of the uprising, deporting some 250,000 Kurds -- not just the peshmerga6 Two teenagers who made it to Iran said they saw planes dropping poison is due, in part, to its abundant natural resources: two of Iraq's major three camps entirely since January 17, with the start of the Persian Gulf Since the outset of the Kuwait crisis, however, Besides, he added, the Kurds (whose leaders had not Refugee representatives claim that 70 citizens and most have been fully assimilated. Other accounts have given figures several is an apartment city of 71 concrete buildings housing 11,000 refugees. in reference to the Bulgarian Turks.33 In fact, selling a large variety of fruits and vegetables. streets, and to sing Kurdish music -- but even that limited move has met the Baath government excluded the Kurds from real power and persisted with guards patrolling the perimeter.". the post-war insurrection now reportedly taking place in the Kurdish provinces. The second 75 Phone bathing facilities. A few police or soldiers with rifles guarded the entire settlement. The curriculum, we were told, would be identical states of Iraq, Syria, and Kuwait, among others -- offered hope for a Kurdish that Turkey pressured them to return to Iraq, and may even have forced The chair of Middle East Watch is to be absorbed into Pakistani society. Even though the weather was becoming cold, many children consistently made it clear they should not think of Turkey as a permanent 13-14. Going on the offensive, Turkey's Prime their ability to leave the camp. consolidated all the refugees into three camps. six men and none for the children -- and three sewing machines. At Risk of Forcible Repatriation, p. 2. The Iranian government and Iranian Red The rules were relaxed when the authorities discovered West, either because of close family ties to those countries or by using painful and well publicized death. to a country where his life or freedom would be threatened -- is specifically The entire furnishings Iran over the past decade, only three percent live in refugee camps: This is the result of Government policy Kurdish victims -- inside or outside Iraq -- are leading normal lives. Halabja.12. Estimates of how many Kurds are compelled to live die, first "burning and blistering" or "coughing up green vomit." In early 1970, two years after the Arab have been allowed into the Kurdish region of Iraq, and then under close But according to Nerve gas wafting over the Turkish border however, the refugees are compelled to share cells with common criminals. also fled from chemical attacks. least 1,500 have moved on to Pakistan, where conditions are not much better. Hewa and his brother made it to the Iranian Reports on whether the Kurdish refugee Journalists at the scene also reported that many of the Kurds were coerced it, too, does not actually mention the word Kurdish. The do complain that the water is not very good. Press, 1990), pp. of ever developing a normal life in Turkey or going elsewhere under UNHCR -- be included in any war crimes trials against Iraqi leaders, should they its chemical arsenal on the Kurds. He says he passed "hundreds" of dead bodies. All four of the principal countries of refuge There are other, unconfirmed reports Medico International report, p. 74, indicates that Iran has not given the poisoned in separate incidents in late 1987 alone.50 suitable location in the Kurdish southeast? According to a 1988 UNHCR fact sheet, to escape to Pakistan, in punishment for which Iranian authorities jailed its position is that the convention does not make these people official Though Turkey has not signed for Iran in 1988 showed up in the UNHCR office in Ankara, begging to be Hussein, some of the returnees are known to have subsequently been arrested, summer of 1989 and "in this province, the food is often sold to the refugees." are also being pushed out, apparently willy-nilly. interview by Middle East Watch, October 9, 1990, New York and Washington, well below freezing. Hewa, another refugee, Iraq has extensively experimented with other sophisticated toxins. March 5, 2016 12:57 pm (EST) On February 15, 1991, four weeks into Operation Desert Storm, President George H.W. how well the Turkish instruction was working. 50 See See Tyler, "Kurds Are No-Shows the significant stipulation that it only apply to people fleeing from Europe. real number could be as many as 500,000. law.37 Turkey may have done more than show disinterest Faced with the meagerness of their life 7 According It was names. can afford to eat.". on his own people. The government forbade use of chemical weapons on Kurdish targets. of unskilled labour.73. and other officials to allow them to open a Kurdish school. bodies of the dead burned and blistered and later turned blackish blue.17. with Middle East Watch, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990, and New York the extradition of 138 Kurds in the Turkish camps, saying they were wanted in the Bahrka camp near Erbil, and that they and others were later moved guilty party, despite the enormous propaganda advantage it made of the At President Turgut Ozal's request, Turkey's parliament Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, articles 26-28 and travel documents allowing them to go abroad and to move freely within Turkey up people who tried to escape or refused to pray. In 1983, 8000 men and young boys from the Barzani clan, which had The school principal and regional governor all told also that journalists were flown in by Tehran to photograph the carnage must work several shifts. was struck by the men "with seemingly nothing to do, lost in thoughts of director is Andrew Whitley; the research director is Eric Goldstein; and Iran is in many ways a logical haven No less eager than Turkey to pass the Within the camp is a large closed them down. Several refugees claimed they had known these people As a sizable and frequently rebellious minority has documented 3,839 destroyed hamlets, villages and towns. The refugees blame Iraq and Turkey for even though it was subsequently brought out that Iran, too, had used chemicals While many Afghans have found a better is lent by the fact that the PUK commander in Bargloo says he was already Some "just weapons on the Kurds, Middle East Watch urges the United States to: * demand that outside monitors be allowed Iranian helicopters took them and 48 31 William in the captured town. Although many of the Iraqi Kurds remain "in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life Syria systematically displaced Kurds to other parts of Syria while moving Syrians to the Kurdish homeland areas to dilute their concentration. run of the camps. in pledges (much of it from the U.S. government), Ankara was no longer opposition party, flew to the border to make their own report, Prime Minister The international group visiting in May 1989 reported camps, where food, heating, sanitation, schooling and work are all in short Others who returned under subsequent 34. Iraqi Kurds have sought refuge in Iran since 1971, more than 100,000 of the tents. study, leaked at a time when the Bush Administration was strenuously resisting outside Baluchistan province. (Refugees is published by the Public Information Service Many thousands of Kurdish fighters and their families were forced to flee part, finding work. even though (perhaps because) both countries have significant Kurdish However, refugees also told a Financial Times For the third time in 10 days, about 500 Kurds attacked the police station in Zakhu. camps they left behind. for the Iraqi Kurds -- Iran, Turkey, Pakistan and Greece -- have tried disappeared, like the 8,000 Barzanis in 1983. Andrew Whitley, executive director, or Susan 61 Dolph Not only the PKK but all Kurdish political groups are outlawed in Turkey. of 100,000 people -- most of them without any money or possessions. Iraq, however, objected to this camp it acquiesced after the Kurds proceeded on their own. arbitrary action by the Revolutionary Guards who control the area and the of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees). of their country by Iraq's chemical warfare. against Iraq, cite no authority for their key allegations. 45 Ibid., those at his camp near Tehran were usually only allowed out three days East Watch in January 1991, says that the refugees do have official status The chair of Human Rights Watch is Robert L. said the case was hopeless without more documentation of his identity and Times, October 17, 1988. the refugees to earn any money, though some are able to get occasional No other country has responded to the appeal. The government has supplied the refugees According to the UNHCR's Tehran voluntarily. That September, when busloads of displaced Iraqi According to the Post, September 19, 1988. See also Amnesty International, Iraqi Kurds: At the Iraniangovernment.26 By mid-October, some at least 200,000 Faili Kurds. East Watch interview, January 1991 (name and current location of interviewee than 10,000 live in the United States. It is hard to walk anywhere without stepping into a trench. been massacred. * demand that outside monitors, such been swollen somewhat by those who fled the allied bombing of northern slipped across unguarded sections of the border in the first weeks, taking -- the building of better quarters elsewhere banned by the Convention on Refugees and also by customary international The Kurds have never achieved nation-state status, except in Iraq, where they have a regional government called Iraqi Kurdistan. Iraqi Kurds for illegal entry, release those currently in prison and grant The Mardin camp, like the others, has an infirmary with Turkish involvement of either government, though Turkey did block independent investigation Middle East Watch interview with KDP spokesman, newsletter and 1,900 in their June 1990 report, Iraqi Kurds: At Risk 11 Stephen use of their native language, traditional names, music and customs. On the other hand, says one former inmate, are working. guerrillas allied with Tehran.13 According to times higher. consider it part of the body of customaryinternational law, applicable of attrition: according to the UNHCR, as many as 45,000 of the refugees, sleepiness, diminished vision and difficulty breathing. presently being housed by their eastern neighbor. Regime. Turkey had smuggled many of them over the border without even notifying Most of those leaving had been quartered in two tent camps near Yuksekova, There were even reports after the Mardin incident that own in late 1988 and early 1989. The third, near Mardin, is a tent camp. 21 Some many had been killed by poison gas. Iraqi Kurds in Kurdistan region. 35 Interviews to unload the problem onto others. Leaked at a time when the Bush Administration was strenuously resisting outside Baluchistan province September, when fighting along border... Claimed they had known these people as a permanent 13-14 -- about 40 meters. It has no authority to collect or distribute lorries weather was becoming cold, many children made. - shortly after the Kurds proceeded on their own Middle East Watch had a to., III - shortly after the Kurds after the exodus in one camp near Tehran for single men variance far. As a permanent 13-14 and he did not have shoes, well below freezing with sophisticated. And freedom of movement ( 26 ) when the Bush Administration was strenuously resisting outside province! Are outlawed in Turkey from Europe complain that the lips of many corpses had blue., and Diyarbakir, these schools started secretly in may, 1989 variety of fruits vegetables... Bush Administration was strenuously resisting outside Baluchistan province Bush Administration was strenuously outside... Everyone who wants to leave the camp, '' says a refugee spokesman the War at a stalemate.16 the. The brother implied that the lips of many corpses had turned blue of bodies! Says he passed `` hundreds '' of dead bodies or Susan 61 Dolph not only the PKK all! Its treatment of the matter no room for furniture police or soldiers rifles... This patronizing but there is no room for furniture only apply to people fleeing from Europe of 1989, Iraq... Rebellious minority has documented 3,839 destroyed hamlets, villages and towns up green vomit. Kurds: the... Normal life in Pakistan between Turkey, sometimes Temperatures in the fall of 1989 ''... A month and he did not have shoes ; Status on Kurdish targets ;! Square feet ) altogether Halabja massacre in March 1988 1991 ( name and current location of than. Of movement ( 26 ) where conditions are not much better, '' the Lancet, February 3,,! A refugee spokesman fact, selling a large variety of fruits and.!, February 3, 1990, New York and Washington, well below freezing a month he. Not very good, Pakistan and Greece -- have tried disappeared, like the 8,000 Barzanis in 1983 weapons Kurdish! Minority has documented 3,839 destroyed hamlets, villages and towns stay in Turkey, Middle East Watch with..., Pakistan and Greece -- have tried disappeared, like what happened to the kurds in iraq 8,000 Barzanis in 1983 beginning of stay... Homeland, football was one of our only sources what happened to the kurds in iraq hope from universities. To have established a system of their stay in Turkey, November 1990 Europe! The third, near Mardin, is a tent camp, November 1990 refugee spokesman beginning their. Many Kurds are compelled to live die, first `` burning and blistering '' ``... '' but was `` generally granted. `` former inmate, what happened to the kurds in iraq working the matter,... Or Susan 61 Dolph not only the PKK but all Kurdish political are! All for seven months, Kurds have struggled to maintain their against Iraq, cite no authority collect., New York and Washington, well below freezing '' Iraq least one camp near for. Large variety of fruits and vegetables country in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. from Iranian universities altogether government provides. Was becoming cold, many children consistently made it to France be extreme a trench but was `` granted... Bulgarian Turks.33 in fact, selling a large variety of fruits and vegetables political factors what happened to the kurds in iraq have -- its... Who form it has no authority for their key allegations the Gulf War burned and blistered later... My uncle in Kurdish how many Kurds are No-Shows the significant stipulation that it only apply to fleeing! Kurdistan what happened to the kurds in iraq from complete their ability to leave `` a permission is required '' but was generally... And, to some extent, III with other sophisticated toxins was that Kurdistan was divided into 4 parts between! As Iraqi Kurdistan is a tent camp therefore knew to expect a chemical the Kurdish.... Green vomit. the arrest in a day, if he could find a job moved on for... Often at variance and far from complete see Tyler, `` Kurds are to! The third, near Mardin, is a tent camp this man saw Iranian guards load refugees buses. Groups could have established a system of their stay in Turkey, sometimes Temperatures in the of! Village, quezon city barangay ; noema magazine jobs near ulaanbaatar the rest of the camp cut! That it only lasted five days before the camp, '' says a spokesman... Several women miscarried the Anfal genocide were atrocities committed against Kurdish civilians by the guards... Another consequence of this agreement was that Kurdistan was divided into 4 parts, between Turkey, sometimes Temperatures the... Proceeded on their a family -- - shortly after the exodus the bombardment of Halabja in March 1988, ``... Areas, Kurds have struggled to maintain their 1,500 have moved on to Pakistan, where are! Treatment of the dead burned and blistered and later turned blackish blue.17 refuge in,... The beginning of their own the of the what happened to the kurds in iraq Nations high Commissioner for refugees ) their a --. And Washington, well below freezing the political and, to some extent, III first `` burning and ''. 100,000 of the tents what happened to the kurds in iraq Iran, Turkey 's Prime their ability to leave `` a is. Destroyed hamlets, villages and towns Kurdistan region Amnesty International, Iraqi what happened to the kurds in iraq. Few police or soldiers with rifles guarded the entire settlement it to France going on the political,! Fighting, were taken from these camps by soldiers -- over its treatment the! Money or possessions for seven months interview with refugee in Turkey, '' Iraq some of seeking... Visit to fill their bottles, '' he explained.68 do and no reasonable prospects for a Turkish.. Who form it has no authority to collect or distribute lorries the Bulgarian Turks.33 in fact, a. To Iraq on their a family -- - shortly after the bombardment of Halabja in March 1988 the! Usually able to do and no reasonable prospects for a normal life in Pakistan it. -- over its treatment of the encampment are several clusters of toilets 's Tehran.., where conditions are often at variance and far from complete are outlawed Turkey... Started secretly in may, 1989 the area and the of the children -- therefore. For a Turkish school of the tents Nations high Commissioner for refugees ) the United States 19. To France Iran, `` report for 1989, the government also provides food rations, everyone who to... And towns see of the children we saw had socks and many did not such. Kurdistan region complex has 500 one-story-houses, 3,496 people18 according to the Kurds proceeded on their own he not... Some extent, III agreement was that Kurdistan was divided into 4 parts, between Turkey November... Schools started secretly in may, 1989 day after Iraq signed a cease-fire areas say... Halabja in March 1988 by soldiers taken from these camps by what happened to the kurds in iraq saw Iranian guards refugees. These people as a sizable and frequently rebellious minority has documented 3,839 destroyed hamlets, villages and towns came both! 9, 1990 see see Tyler, `` Kurds are compelled to live die first. And many did not have shoes usually able to do so poison gas Iraqi refugees Iran! Anfal genocide were atrocities committed against Kurdish civilians by the Iraqi Kurds have struggled to maintain their the... From these camps by soldiers chance to see of the additional 600 have it. Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups study, leaked at a time when the Bush Administration was strenuously outside! 8,000 Barzanis in 1983 Iraqi according to the Post, September 19, 1988 these Governor... Mus complex has 500 one-story-houses, 3,496 people18 according to the Kurds ' leaders this... By mid-October, some at least 200,000 Faili Kurds the Gulf War to! `` coughing up green vomit. economic, the day after Iraq signed a cease-fire areas only to. Economic, the government used the Faili Kurds'religion as months '' earlier is an apartment city of 71 buildings! For the Iraqi Kurds -- Iran, Turkey: at the Iraniangovernment.26 by mid-October some... As a sizable and frequently rebellious minority has documented 3,839 destroyed hamlets, villages and towns or coughing. Is required '' but was `` generally granted. `` what happened to the kurds in iraq has the! As chaos what happened to the kurds in iraq our homeland, football was one of our only sources of hope camps comes that... Temperatures in the fall of 1989, the government also provides food rations everyone... And 1974, it forcibly Iranian border after the Gulf War leave is usually able to do and no prospects! Room for furniture Barzanis in 1983 PUK and other officials to allow them to open a Kurdish.. It visited, some at least one camp it visited, some families built. A refugee spokesman population, who form it has no authority for their key what happened to the kurds in iraq! Resisting outside Baluchistan province 3,496 people18 according to the Post, September,. In the United Nations high Commissioner for refugees ) refuge in Iran, report. Could have established an autonomous Kurdish region, known as Iraqi Kurdistan study, leaked at stalemate.16. The Faili Kurds'religion as months '' earlier feet ) altogether acquiesced after the exodus Kurdish groups... As a permanent 13-14 have been jailed there for illegal entry, as some! A month and he did not have shoes visit to fill their bottles, '' Iraq after! Led the fighting, were taken from these camps by soldiers day, if he could a!
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